Molar teeth numbers8/5/2023 Gaining Knowledge and Comprehension of Root and Canal Anatomy The latest morphological studies on root and root canal anatomy use high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) tomographic images to illustrate and define terminologies associated with this topic. In recent years, significant noninvasive technological advances for imaging teeth have been introduced that allow anatomic studies to be done using large populations and evaluate specific and fine anatomic features of a tooth group. In the past, several studies were performed on the range of variations in human root canal anatomy, and the findings have had a noteworthy influence on clinical practice. Thus, a thorough understanding of the number of canals, of the inner-canal morphology, and the variations in all groups of teeth is a basic requirement for successful endodontic therapy. Residual bacteria and debris may remain relatively unaffected in the missed canal system or even in the unprepared canal walls, isthmuses, lateral canals, apical ramifications, and recesses from oval/flattened canals which may compromise the successful treatment outcome. However, this objective may be difficult to attain in reality because of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth. The ultimate goal of endodontic therapy is to seal the root canal system after all vital or necrotic tissue, microorganisms, and their byproducts are removed from the canal space. Identify the most common root and root canal morphologic variations as they relate to ethnicity. List and recognize the significance of iatrogenic or pathologic factors that may cause alterations in root canal anatomy.ĭefine the root canal space and list and describe its major components.ĭescribe variations in the root canal system in the apical third.ĭescribe how to determine clinically the distance from the occlusal-incisal surface to the roof of the chamber.ĭiscuss the location, morphology, frequency, and importance of accessory (lateral) canals.ĭescribe relationships between the anatomic apex, radiographic apex, and actual location of the apical foramen.ĭescribe common variations in root canal anatomy resulting from developmental abnormalities and state their significance. List each tooth and the root or roots that require a search for more than one canal. State the tenet of the relationship of pulp-root anatomy. Suggest methods for determining whether roots and canals are curved and the severity of the curvature.Įxplain why many root curvatures are not apparent on standard radiographs. Know about root canal research in the past and understand how present research is helping identify the complexity and variations in ethnicity of the human root canal system.ĭescribe the most common root and root canal anatomy of each tooth.įor each tooth type, list the average length, number of roots, and most common root curvature directions.Ĭharacterize the most frequent variations in root and root canal anatomy of each tooth group.Įxplain why standard periapical radiographs do not present the complete picture of root and root canal anatomy.ĭraw a representative example of the most common internal and external anatomy of each tooth in the following planes: (1) sagittal section of mesiodistal and faciolingual planes and (2) cross-section through the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Understand the two most commonly used classification systems (Vertucci and Weine) for root canal system and their limitations.ĭescribe a new classification system of root canal system morphology that uses universal tooth number along with canal number and morphology of individual roots as depicted in cleared bench specimens or clinical tomography images. List techniques that help determine the type of root canal system.ĭraw the eight most common canal types (Vertucci’s I to VIII), the shapes of roots in cross-section, and common canal configurations in these roots. Recognize errors that may cause difficulties or failures in root canal treatment owing to lack of knowledge of pulp anatomy. After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:
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